What is the principle and structure of a gearbox?
Reducer is an important mechanical device. It plays an important role as a transmission device in many industrial applications. Commonly used as a deceleration transmission device between the original moving parts and the working machine. Its main function is to reduce the speed while increasing the torque.

Working principle

The reducer mainly relies on gears with fewer teeth on the input shaft meshing with large gears with more teeth on the output shaft to achieve the purpose of deceleration. Its transmission ratio is equal to the ratio of input speed to output speed, and also equal to the ratio of the number of passive gear teeth to the number of active gear teeth.

Its basic structure includes transmission components (gears or worms), shafts, bearings, housings, and gearbox accessories. Among them, the combination of gears, shafts, and bearings combines the small gear and shaft together, which can be called a gear shaft. As the main component of the gearbox, the casing needs to bear the pressure of all parts, so it must have a certain strength and stiffness.

Classified by transmission type

Features: High transmission efficiency, strong load-bearing capacity, compact structure, smooth transmission, long service life

gear reducer

It mainly relies on the meshing of gears with different numbers of teeth to achieve deceleration. The high-speed rotation of the motor is transmitted to the small gear through the input shaft, and the small gear then drives the large gear that meshes with it to rotate. Due to the larger number of teeth on the large gear than on the small gear, the speed is reduced and the torque is increased.

Structural composition:

Box: Provides support and protection, accommodates internal components, and ensures good lubrication and sealing.

Gear set: including the driving gear (small gear) and the driven gear (large gear), it is the core component for achieving deceleration.

Shaft: used to support and fix gears, transmitting torque.

Bearings: Reduce friction and wear of the shaft during rotation, ensuring smooth operation of the shaft.

Lubrication and sealing system: Ensure that gears and bearings are adequately lubricated and prevent lubricant leakage and impurities from entering.

Gear reducers are widely used in various industrial production equipment, such as lifting machinery, metallurgical equipment, mining machinery, chemical equipment, food machinery, etc.

worm gear reducer

Features: Large transmission ratio, compact structure, smooth transmission

It mainly relies on the meshing transmission of worm gear and worm to achieve deceleration. Worm is similar to a screw, with a larger lead angle, while worm gear is a specially shaped gear. When the worm rotates, power is transmitted to the worm wheel through the interaction between the helical tooth surface of the worm and the tooth surface of the worm wheel, thereby achieving deceleration.

Structurally, worm gear reducers typically include components such as a housing, worm gear, worm wheel, shaft, bearings, and oil seals. The box provides support and protection; Worm and worm gear are key components for achieving deceleration; The shaft is used to support the worm and worm gear and transmit torque; Bearings reduce friction and wear; Oil seals are used for sealing to prevent lubricant leakage and external impurities from entering.

Worm gear reducers are widely used in various mechanical transmission systems, such as lifting equipment, mining machinery, construction machinery, etc., especially suitable for situations that require large transmission ratios, limited space, and certain requirements for smoothness.